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Horom's cyclopean fortress is one of the most mysterious places in Armenia! Erected without mortar these megalithic stones formed a mighty wall, that stood for thousands of years! The methods employed to cut, move, and lift these stones remain a captivating mystery! < Back Horom's Cyclopean Fortress in Armenia Horom's cyclopean fortress is one of the most mysterious places in Armenia! Erected without mortar these megalithic stones formed a mighty wall, that stood for thousands of years! The methods employed to cut, move, and lift these stones remain a captivating mystery! The Classical Greeks believed that, since the walls of ancient Mycenae (which was already in ruins in the Classical Era) was so magnificent, entirely made out of huge boulders, it was probably the Cyclopean giants that helped the Mycenaeans built the walls. Me posing for a photo while standing among the ruins of Horom's cyclopean fortress As I stand in the vicinity of Horom's Cyclopean fortress, I am in awe of the colossal rock fragments before me, prompting a lingering question: “How did our ancestors manage to lift such enormous weights during the 3rd-2nd millennium B.C.?” Could giants have been involved, or did our ancestors simply master the ingenious methods of leveraging and pulleys? The sheer length of Horom's defensive walls, estimated to be approximately 7 km, only adds to the mystery. Throughout the 20th century, numerous renowned researchers have explored this mysterious fortress, including Nikolai Marr, Boris Piotrovsky, Atrpet, Toros Toramanian, and others. Prominent Armenian architect and architectural historian Toros Toramanian Notably, Toros Toramanian, a celebrated Armenian architect and archaeologist, wrote about his impressions in his travel notes: “Horom's fortress city is the only one among all ancient fortress cities in terms of its size and content, and it is impossible to observe without amazement what kind of extraordinary human power and resources were used to raise the wall stones on top of each other.” I left this place with the intention of returning, because this time there was a strong wind and I could not lift my drone, and I hope that the area will be improved one day and it will become a popular tourist destination! Gallery You May Also Like Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union The movie Seven Years in Tibet is based on Heinrich Harrer’s eponymous book The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected The Biggest Bank Robbery in the Soviet Union The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z On Reinhold Messner’s book “The Crystal Horizon: Everest – The First Solo Ascent” Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak Molokans in Armenia

Mount Aragats, Armenia’s highest peak, stands as a majestic symbol of the nation’s natural beauty and cultural heritage. Towering at 4,090 meters (13,419 feet), this dormant volcano draws outdoor adventurers and history enthusiasts alike with its awe-inspiring vistas and significant scientific and historical value. This article explores the mountain's fascinating origins, cultural importance, diverse hiking experiences, and the unique gravity-defying phenomenon that make Mount Aragats an extraordinary destination. < Back Mount Aragats - Highest Mountain in Armenia Mount Aragats, Armenia’s highest peak, stands as a majestic symbol of the nation’s natural beauty and cultural heritage. Towering at 4,090 meters (13,419 feet), this dormant volcano draws outdoor adventurers and history enthusiasts alike with its awe-inspiring vistas and significant scientific and historical value. This article explores the mountain's fascinating origins, cultural importance, diverse hiking experiences, and the unique gravity-defying phenomenon that make Mount Aragats an extraordinary destination. The Geography Rising to 4,090 meters (13,420 feet) above sea level, Mount Aragats is the highest peak in Armenia and the pinnacle of the Lesser Caucasus. This majestic, four-peaked volcanic massif lies northwest of Yerevan, bordered by the Kasagh River to the east, the Akhurian River to the west, the Ararat Plain to the south, and the Shirak Plain to the north. Encompassing a circumference of approximately 200 kilometers (120 miles), Aragats spans a significant portion of the Armenian Highlands. Mount Aragats has 4 summits which are named according to their relative geographic position: Northern—4,090 m (13,420 ft) Western—3,995 m (13,107 ft) Eastern—3,908 m (12,822 ft) Southern—3,888 m (12,756 ft) Note that Mount Ararat is not in the territory of Armenia, since it came under Turkish control according to the 1921 Treaty of Moscow and Treaty of Kars. All 4 summits of mount Aragats Cultural significance The slopes of Mount Aragats are rich with ancient archaeological sites, fortresses, petroglyphs, and the unique Vishaps (Dragonstones). Among these, Amberd Fortress stands as the most renowned. This historic fortress includes a three-story princely citadel, fortified walls, a bathhouse, a small chapel, a church, hidden passages, and reservoirs. While much of the original citadel has collapsed, the upper two floors and their five large rooms remain intact. Within the fortress grounds lies the 11th-century Vahramashen Church. In 1236, the fortress fell to Mongol forces, leaving it in ruins. Later, the Vachutian noble family partially rebuilt Amberd at the close of the 13th century, but it was permanently destroyed during the Timurid invasions at the end of the 14th century and has not been rebuilt since. Medieval Amberd Fortress Scientific Institutions On the shore of Lake Kari, nestled at an elevation of 3200 meters, lies the Cosmic Ray Research Station, established back in 1943 by the esteemed Soviet physicists, brothers Artem and Abraham Alikhanyan. The station was the first of its kind in the Soviet Union to have the world's largest permanent magnet magnetic spectrometer. One can step inside the gates of the station to see a massive Dragon-stone on the shore of lake Kari! Lake Kari and Cosmic Ray Resarch station as seen by me from the slopes of Southern Aragats Additionally, the Byurakan Observatory, founded in 1946 by Victor Hambartsumian, sits proudly on the southern slopes of Aragats in the village of Byurakan, positioned at an altitude of 1,405 meters (4,610 feet). The ZTA-2.6 telescope is the largest observational instrument at the Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory (BAO). Constructed by the Leningrad Optical-Mechanical Association (LOMO) in St. Petersburg, Russia, it is a twin of the G.A. Shain reflector located at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory (CrAO). Architect Sargis Gurzadyan, 1976 Currently, the observatory is equipped with five instruments. The largest telescopes include a 2.64-meter reflector telescope with a sitall mirror, built in 1976 (the mirror was installed in 1984, with the previous mirror transferred to the ROT-54/2.6 telescope), and a 1-meter Schmidt telescope, which was the largest Schmidt telescope in the USSR and remains one of the largest Schmidt telescopes in the world. Other instruments include a 53-centimeter Super-Schmidt system telescope (similar to the WOW (AZT-1, f=1800)), as well as 50- and 40-centimeter reflector telescopes with electrophotometers and electropolarimeters. Another scientific gem is the ROT54 which is a dream destination for urban explorers. Orgov Telescope, officially known as ROT-54/2.6, is a prominent radio-optical telescope located in Armenia’s Orgov village. Aerial photo of ROT54 Constructed between 1975 and 1985, the Orgov Telescope operated from 1986 until it ceased activity around 1990. In the mid-1990s, plans for its restoration emerged, leading to modernization efforts between 1995 and 2010. This included the installation of advanced control computers and updated feeds, enabling resumed observations in partnership with the Russian Astronomical Society and the National Technical University of Athens. However, in 2012, operations halted again due to a control arm failure that immobilized the secondary mirror. With the Armenian state unable to fund repairs, the telescope was mothballed. Experts estimate that reviving the telescope would require $25 million for upgrades to control systems, digital sensor replacements, and data processing enhancements. The control room of ROT54 Armenia’s High-Altitude Lakes On the slopes of Mount Aragats, several high-altitude lakes serve as popular tourist destinations. Among these, Lake Kari (3,200 meters), Lake Rapi (3,005 meters), and Lake Mtnalich (3,465 meters) are particularly notable. Lake Kari, the highest lake in Armenia accessible by sedan, is reachable via an older yet well-maintained asphalt road constructed during the Soviet era to facilitate scientific research in the area. Lake Kari (Stone Lake) Aragats Gravity Hill Gravity hills are found in numerous locations worldwide, including Australia, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, China, Chile, France, India, and Greece. Armenia’s gravity hill, located on the slopes of Mount Aragats, is among the most popular. These sites are often called "Magnetic Hill," "Magnetic Road," "Magic Road," or simply "Gravity Hill," as many lack specific local names. The phenomenon behind gravity hills is a captivating optical illusion resulting from the landscape's unique layout. This illusion creates the appearance of a slight downhill slope as an uphill incline. As a result, when a car is left out of gear on these hills, it seems to roll "uphill," defying gravity. This effect is similar to the experience within an Ames room, where perspective distortions lead objects to appear as though they’re defying gravitational laws. In this video you can see how a water bottle "rolls up the hill" For those interested in experiencing this firsthand, the coordinates of the Aragats Gravity Hill are 40°25′55″N 44°14′04″E , with another nearby site close to Amberd Fortress at 40°24'02"N 44°13'50"E . ---------- For a hiking tour to mount Aragats with me check out this link ! Thanks Gallery You May Also Like Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union The movie Seven Years in Tibet is based on Heinrich Harrer’s eponymous book The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected The Biggest Bank Robbery in the Soviet Union The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z On Reinhold Messner’s book “The Crystal Horizon: Everest – The First Solo Ascent” Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak Molokans in Armenia

This article is about Che Guevara’s solo trip across central and northern Argentina on a motorized bicycle, covering a distance of approximately 4,000 miles. It ignited a stronger passion within the heart of the young explorer and unfolded new horizons for him. This marked only the commencement of his unfolding journey. < Back Che Guevara's first journey on a motorized bicycle This article is about Che Guevara’s solo trip across central and northern Argentina on a motorized bicycle, covering a distance of approximately 4,000 miles. It ignited a stronger passion within the heart of the young explorer and unfolded new horizons for him. This marked only the commencement of his unfolding journey. From early childhood, Ernesto "Che" Guevara loved to travel. His father wrote that with time he came to understand that "his obsession with traveling was just another part of his zeal for learning" (Guevara 1995:2). Ernesto's first noteworthy journey on his own took place in 1950 when he toured all of central and northern Argentina on a motorized bicycle - a trip of some 4,000 miles (Gambini 1968:22). At the time, he was 21 and a medical student at the University of Buenos Aires. It was a bicycle on which he had installed a small engine. During his journey, he stopped in Córdoba to visit his friends Tomás and Alberto Granado. Alberto was conducting research on lepers at a leprosarium near San Francisco del Chañar, and Ernesto, intrigued by his work, spent several days with him there. Che Guevara setting out on a 2,800 mile solo motorbike trip through the Argentine Northwest in 1950 From there, he headed north and encountered an interesting assortment of hobos, vagabonds, seasonal workers, poor indigenous inhabitants, and other socially marginalized people. He often stayed overnight in police stations and provincial hospitals, asking if he could sleep in vacant jail cells or empty hospital beds. As a result, "for the first time in his adult life, Ernesto witnessed the harsh duality of his country by crossing the divide from its transported European culture, which was also his culture, and...its ignored, backward, indigenous heartland" (Anderson 1997:63). Guevara relied upon the hospitality of strangers, a pattern that continued in his later travels with Granado. For example, after a puncture, he flagged down a lorry to take him to his next destination. In another instance, in Loreto, he sought hospitality from a local police officer when he had nowhere to stay. The trip influenced Guevara's style of traveling, as seen in the Motorcycle Diaries. For the young Guevara, the journey was an education. The motorized bicycle now at a Che museum in Alta Gracia, Argentina Upon returning to Buenos Aires, Ernesto took the motorbike back to the store where he bought it for reconditioning. When the store owner learned the details of the trip, he was astounded and asked Ernesto to provide a letter attesting to his fantastic journey using that particular brand of motorbike. This letter, along with a picture of Ernesto sitting on his motorbike, was published in a local sports magazine as an advertisement for that type of motorbike (Taibo 1996:35). They claimed it was very sturdy, given that Guevara had completed such a long tour using its power. The success of his Argentinian travels sparked in him a desire to explore the world more attentively and initiated the planning of new travel adventures. Gallery You May Also Like Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union The movie Seven Years in Tibet is based on Heinrich Harrer’s eponymous book The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected The Biggest Bank Robbery in the Soviet Union The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z On Reinhold Messner’s book “The Crystal Horizon: Everest – The First Solo Ascent” Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak Molokans in Armenia

Rossia Cinema commissioned in Yerevan in 1974, is considered one of the most remarkable Soviet-era modernist structures in the city. The architects, Artur Tarkhanyan, Spartak Khachikyan, and Hrachya Poghosyan, were awarded the prize of the Council of Ministers of the USSR for this project in 1979. The cinema was privatized in 2004, and in 2006, part of the structure was transformed into the trade and cultural center "Rossia," which currently functions primarily as a commercial space. < Back Modernist Architectural Masterpiece - Rossia Cinema in Yerevan Rossia Cinema commissioned in Yerevan in 1974, is considered one of the most remarkable Soviet-era modernist structures in the city. The architects, Artur Tarkhanyan, Spartak Khachikyan, and Hrachya Poghosyan, were awarded the prize of the Council of Ministers of the USSR for this project in 1979. The cinema was privatized in 2004, and in 2006, part of the structure was transformed into the trade and cultural center "Rossia," which currently functions primarily as a commercial space. The project for the cinema, designed by Arthur Tarkhanyan, Spartak Khachikyan, and Hrachya Poghosyan, was submitted to the Union of Architects in 1970-1971 and subsequently approved by the City Council of Yerevan. The "Haypet Project" Institute was tasked with implementing the project. Construction began in the early 1970s on the site of one of Yerevan's oldest markets, the "Black Market." The project was challenging due to its modernist and unconventional design, prompting the architects to prepare a large model to facilitate the builders' work. A scale model of the Rossia Cinema. Image source: "Arthur Tarkhanyan Center" Facebook page The Rossia Cinema officially opened in December 1974 during a plenary session of the CPC Central Committee, chaired by Karen Demirchyan, the first secretary of the Central Committee of the CPC. The cinema was a multifunctional complex consisting of three main parts. two halls of different sizes, but with the same shape, with 1,600 and 1,000 seats, an open area under the halls where exhibition halls, a cafe, a bar, and ticket offices are located. You could also pass through this area on the street without entering the cinema. This connection between outside and inside is considered one of the building's ingenious solutions. Sculptures by Hmayak Bdeyan, in the form of masks, adorned the partition wall The lobby and bar were separated by a transparent partition that could be opened and closed, measuring 10 meters wide and 3.5 meters high. Sculptures by Hmayak Bdeyan, in the form of masks, adorned the partition wall, while other halls featured sculptures by Yervand Gojabashyan, Henry Elibekyan, Ohan Petrosyan, and others. The cinema's modern circular bar and the teahouse, furnished in a Russian style with kettles on the tables and freshly made cakes, were noteworthy features. The suspended ceiling of the "Rossia" cinema, called "вантовое перекрытие (cable-stayed ceiling)” was the first of its kind in Armenia. The cinema's roof, facing Tigran Mets Street, spans 40 meters wide and 60 meters long, hanging without any support. Arthur Tarkhanyan and other architects standing near the scale model of the Rossia Cinema. Image source: "Arthur Tarkhanyan Center" Facebook page Initially intended to be named "Ayrarat" or "Noyan Tapan," the cinema was ultimately named "Rossia." After Armenia's independence, it was briefly renamed "Ayrarat." In 2004, the "Rossia" cinema was privatized, and the "Narek" company, part of the "Sil Concern," became the owner. In 2006, the center was once again renamed "Rossia." On November 11, 2006, the first building of the "Rossia" commercial and cultural center was turned into a cafe and shopping halls. Unfortunately, the sculptures and paintings by Yervand Gojabashyan, Henry Elibekyan, Ohan Petrosyan, and Hmayak Bdeyan were later removed and up to this day their fate is unknown. Rossia Cinema today However even today, the Rossia Cinema stands as a testament to the innovative spirit of its architects and the modernist architectural movement in Yerevan. Despite changes and challenges over the years, it remains a significant cultural and architectural landmark in Armenia's capital. Gallery You May Also Like Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union The movie Seven Years in Tibet is based on Heinrich Harrer’s eponymous book The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected The Biggest Bank Robbery in the Soviet Union The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z On Reinhold Messner’s book “The Crystal Horizon: Everest – The First Solo Ascent” Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak Molokans in Armenia

Aron Ralston, born on October 27, 1975, in Marion, Ohio, is an American mountaineer, mechanical engineer, and motivational speaker. He is best known for his survival story, during which he amputated part of his own right arm following a canyoneering accident. Trapped by a dislodged boulder, Ralston's ordeal unfolds in a battle of wills against despair, hunger, and hallucinations. Documented in his autobiography "Between a Rock and a Hard Place" and the film "127 Hours," Ralston's story inspires with its testament to human resilience. Explore the depths of his physical, mental, and emotional triumphs against all odds. < Back 127 Hours - Aron Ralston’s Savage Survival Story Aron Ralston, born on October 27, 1975, in Marion, Ohio, is an American mountaineer, mechanical engineer, and motivational speaker. He is best known for his survival story, during which he amputated part of his own right arm following a canyoneering accident. Trapped by a dislodged boulder, Ralston's ordeal unfolds in a battle of wills against despair, hunger, and hallucinations. Documented in his autobiography "Between a Rock and a Hard Place" and the film "127 Hours," Ralston's story inspires with its testament to human resilience. Explore the depths of his physical, mental, and emotional triumphs against all odds. In April 2003, Aron Ralston, an adventurous soul, ventured into the depths of Utah's Bluejohn Canyon for a solo canyoneering trip. What began as a thrilling exploration turned into a harrowing nightmare when a dislodged boulder pinned his right hand against the canyon wall. While he was descending the lower stretches of the slot canyon, a suspended boulder dislodged while he was climbing down from it. The boulder first smashed his left hand, and then crushed his right hand against the canyon wall. Ralston had not informed anyone of his hiking plans, nor did he have any way to call for help. Trapped Aron Ralston. A dislodged boulder pinned his right hand against the canyon wall. He documented his experience on a tiny video camera, a desperate plea for help that would later become a testament to his strength His initial attempts to free himself were frantic, fueled by adrenaline and fear. But as the hours stretched into days, despair began to creep in. With limited food and water, the harsh desert sun draining his energy, and no hope of rescue reaching him, Ralston faced a grim reality: either starve to death or amputate his own arm to escape. Aron Ralston is back to that horrific place The mental battle was as brutal as the physical ordeal. Hallucinations, fueled by hunger and dehydration, tormented him. Loneliness gnawed at his spirit, the silence broken only by the echoes of his own ragged breaths. Yet, amidst the despair, Ralston found solace in unexpected places. He documented his experience on a tiny video camera, a desperate plea for help that would later become a testament to his strength. He drew comfort from memories of loved ones, their faces a beacon of hope guiding him through the darkness. The decision to amputate was agonizing. With just a dull multi-tool as his surgeon, Ralston faced the prospect of severing his own flesh and bone. But the alternative – death – was unthinkable. He used pieces of climbing equipment as a tourniquet before starting to amputate his hand to prevent excessive bleeding. In a grueling, self-inflicted surgery, fueled by sheer willpower and an unyielding desire to live, he cut through muscle, tendon, and bone. The sound of crunching rock and raw screams filled the canyon, a horrifying yet triumphant symphony of survival. Blinded by blood loss and weakened from days of ordeal, Ralston faced his final challenge: escaping the canyon. Using his remaining arm and sheer grit, he rappelled down a 65-foot drop and trekked 7 miles (11 km) to safety until he stumbled upon a family of hikers, his salvation arriving just as hope seemed to fade. His severed hand and forearm were retrieved from under the boulder by park authorities. According to television presenter Tom Brokaw, it took 13 men, a winch, and a hydraulic jack to move the boulder so that Ralston's arm could be liberated. His arm was then cremated, and the ashes were returned to Ralston. Ralston’s harrowing experience was documented in his autobiography "Between a Rock and a Hard Place" and was later adapted into the 2010 film "127 Hours," where he was portrayed by James Franco. Since this terrible incident, he has spoken to hundreds of audiences around the world and has a net worth of $4 million. Regarding the authenticity of "127 Hours," Ralston has stated that the film is "so factually accurate; it is as close to a documentary as you can get and still be a drama." He jokingly added that he believes it is "the best film ever made." Despite the accident, Ralston continued mountaineering and became the first person to ascend all of Colorado’s fourteeners solo in winter. His story continues to inspire many about the strength of the human spirit and the will to survive against all odds. Ralston's escape wasn't just a physical feat; it was a mental and emotional triumph. He had stared death in the face and emerged, not only alive, but with a renewed appreciation for life, a profound understanding of his own strength, and a story that would inspire millions. Gallery You May Also Like Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union The movie Seven Years in Tibet is based on Heinrich Harrer’s eponymous book The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected The Biggest Bank Robbery in the Soviet Union The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z On Reinhold Messner’s book “The Crystal Horizon: Everest – The First Solo Ascent” Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak Molokans in Armenia

Hiking is more than just a physical activity; it's a journey into nature that rejuvenates the soul and offers a sense of peace and accomplishment. Whether you're an avid hiker or a novice just starting out, a good quote can provide the perfect motivation to lace up your boots and hit the trail. < Back Hiking quotes Hiking is more than just a physical activity; it's a journey into nature that rejuvenates the soul and offers a sense of peace and accomplishment. Whether you're an avid hiker or a novice just starting out, a good quote can provide the perfect motivation to lace up your boots and hit the trail. Here are some of the top hiking quotes that capture the essence of the experience and inspire you to explore the great outdoors. “Walking is a man’s best medicine.” – Hippocrates “Hiking and happiness go hand in hand or foot in boot.” – Diane Spicer “Jobs fill your pockets, but adventures fill your soul.” – Jaime Lyn Beatty “Look deep into nature and you will understand everything better.” – Albert Einstein “Carry as little as possible, but choose that little with care.” – Earl Shaffer “I found far more answers in the woods than I ever did in the city.” – Mary Davis “Not all who wander are lost.” – J.R.R. Tolkien “And into the forest I go, to lose my mind and find my soul.” – John Muir “The higher you climb on the mountain, the harder the wind blows.” – Sam Cummings “An early morning walk is a blessing for the whole day.” – Henry David Thoreau “The best view comes after the hardest climb.” – Unknown “In every walk with nature, one receives far more than he seeks.” – John Muir “Adventure awaits, go find it.” – Unknown “Hiking is not escapism; it’s realism.” – Unknown “The journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” – Lao Tzu “Wilderness is not a luxury but a necessity of the human spirit.” – Edward Abbey “To walk in nature is to witness a thousand miracles.” – Mary Davis “Hiking is the answer; who cares what the question is?” – Unknown “Nature always wears the colors of the spirit.” – Ralph Waldo Emerson Gallery You May Also Like Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union The movie Seven Years in Tibet is based on Heinrich Harrer’s eponymous book The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected The Biggest Bank Robbery in the Soviet Union The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z On Reinhold Messner’s book “The Crystal Horizon: Everest – The First Solo Ascent” Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak Molokans in Armenia

Zvartnots Temple is a captivating historical site that anyone interested in Armenian culture and architecture should visit. This article sheds light on this magnificent Armenian architectural marvel, whose ruins stand as a testament to the architectural genius and faith of a bygone era. < Back Zvartnots Cathedral - UNESCO World Heritage Site in Armenia Zvartnots Temple is a captivating historical site that anyone interested in Armenian culture and architecture should visit. This article sheds light on this magnificent Armenian architectural marvel, whose ruins stand as a testament to the architectural genius and faith of a bygone era. Zvartnots Temple, also known as Zvartnots Cathedral, is a medieval Armenian temple near the city of Yerevan, the capital of Armenia. Catholicos Nerses III, the leader of the Armenian Church at that time, built it in the 7th century CE. The temple is renowned for its unique circular shape, a rarity in Armenian architecture. It features a large dome, four supporting piers for a multifloor structure, and various decorative elements like eagle capitals and vine scroll friezes. Dedicated to St. Gregory the Illuminator, who converted King Tiridates III to Christianity in the 4th century CE, the temple was a place where the king and St. Gregory discussed their faith and plans for Armenia's future. Nerses III and his successors used the temple as a patriarchal palace until it succumbed to either an earthquake or an Arab raid in the 10th century CE. Zvartnots stood for 320 years before collapsing in the tenth century. By the time historian Stepanos Taronetsi mentioned the church in his Universal History in the eleventh century, the cathedral was already in ruins. The reason for its collapse is debated, with theories suggesting an earthquake or attacks from repeated Arab raids. Despite being well-engineered, the most accepted explanation is an earthquake collapse. A model of the Zvartnots Cathedral in the Zvartnots Cultural Museum Rediscovered in the early 20th century, the ruins were excavated and studied by archaeologists. The original appearance is still debated, with many scholars accepting Toros Toramanian's 1905 reconstruction, proposing that the building had three floors. This temple is considered one of the most important monuments of medieval Armenia and a symbol of its cultural heritage. It has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2000. Today, tourists can visit Zvartnots Temple to admire its beauty and learn about its history. Offering stunning views of Mount Ararat from various angles, Zvartnots, though a fallen giant, continues to inspire us to reach for the stars and leave our mark on the world. Gallery You May Also Like Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union The movie Seven Years in Tibet is based on Heinrich Harrer’s eponymous book The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected The Biggest Bank Robbery in the Soviet Union The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z On Reinhold Messner’s book “The Crystal Horizon: Everest – The First Solo Ascent” Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak Molokans in Armenia

Bas-reliefs, a form of sculpture where figures are slightly raised from a flat background, have been used throughout history to commemorate events, celebrate cultural achievements, and propagate political ideologies. During the Soviet era, these artistic expressions were extensively employed across the Union, including in Armenia, to convey the principles and triumphs of socialism while also decorating buildings to create an inspiring atmosphere. < Back My Favorite Metal Bas-Reliefs in Armenia Bas-reliefs, a form of sculpture where figures are slightly raised from a flat background, have been used throughout history to commemorate events, celebrate cultural achievements, and propagate political ideologies. During the Soviet era, these artistic expressions were extensively employed across the Union, including in Armenia, to convey the principles and triumphs of socialism while also decorating buildings to create an inspiring atmosphere. After some contemplation, I decided to write an article about my favorite bas-reliefs in Armenia, dividing the work into two parts: metal bas-reliefs and stone bas-reliefs. Although metal bas-reliefs are not abundant in Armenia, the ones I have seen are wonderful and I truly admire them. Here are my favorite examples. Phoenix by William Petrosyan "Phoenix" bas-relief was created by sculptor William Petrosyan. Crafted from hammered copper, the sculpture stands 4 meters tall. The centerpiece depicts a woman holding a wreath in her left hand, accompanied by the Armenian letters Ա, Յ, and Բ (AYB). Completed in 1989, the bas-relief was installed on the wall of the State Theater of Song building on Pavstos Buzand Street in 1990. A careful eye will notice a resemblance among them; the expressions and body language of the women are very similar, and women often occupy a central part in most of these bas-reliefs, surrounded by cosmonauts and space-related objects. This bas-relief is my favorite. The figures appear to be levitating, as if in zero gravity The theme of cosmonautics, or space exploration, became a prominent motif in Soviet art during the mid-20th century, reflecting the USSR’s pioneering achievements in space exploration and its broader ideological, cultural, and political aspirations. This theme brought a fresh idea to art, and artists began to incorporate it into their works. This bas-relief is also impressive and, like the previous one, focuses on the subject of cosmonautics. Tariel Hakobyan "Labor and Fertility". Today, Soviet bas-reliefs in Armenia serve as poignant reminders of a complex and multifaceted past. They provide valuable educational opportunities for younger generations to learn about the history of the Soviet period, its art, and its impact on Armenian society. Moreover, these bas-reliefs are an integral part of Armenia’s urban landscape, contributing to the country’s unique cultural mosaic. Join my urban explorer tours to uncover the hidden marvels of Armenia! For a personalized itinerary, please contact me. Project Gallery You May Also Like Destroyed Bas-Reliefs of Armenia Exploring the Unfinished Depths of Yerevan Metro The Destroyed Statues of Armenia KANAZ: The Cultural Heart of Kanaker’s Aluminium Factory Urban Exploration Tour with Carlus in a Lada Niva Urban Explorer Tour with a French Photographer This Trophy 1m Schmidt Telescope Was Hitler's Gift to Mussolini Lenin in Armenia Previous Next

This article attempts to shed light on the remarkable world of the Armenian Gampr, also known as the Armenian Wolfhound. Let’s delve into their impressive characteristics, from their strength and agility to their protective nature. Uncover details about their size, bite force, lifespan, temperament, and the factors influencing their cost. Let’s discover the unique and striking appearance of this rare and loyal breed. < Back Armenian Gampr - The Best Shepherd Dog This article attempts to shed light on the remarkable world of the Armenian Gampr, also known as the Armenian Wolfhound. Let’s delve into their impressive characteristics, from their strength and agility to their protective nature. Uncover details about their size, bite force, lifespan, temperament, and the factors influencing their cost. Let’s discover the unique and striking appearance of this rare and loyal breed. Armenian Gampr: An Overview The Armenian Gampr, also known as the Armenian Wolfhound, is a breed of flock guardian dog native to the Armenian Highlands. This breed is known for its strength, agility, and endurance. Despite their relative rarity outside their homeland, there is much to admire about these affectionate and fearless dogs. They are large, strong, and headstrong with a commanding presence. There is even a statue in Yerevan's Circular Park erected in honor of Armenian Gampr (Sculptor Levon Tokmajyan, 2018) Armenian Gampr Weight and Size Armenian Gamprs are large dogs. Males typically weigh an average of 55 kg (120 lb), while females average around 50 kg (110 lb)1. However, some sources suggest that the weight can range from 60-100 lbs (27-45 kg) 3 or even up to 135 pounds. In terms of size, males typically stand between 25 to 28 inches (64 to 72 cm) at the shoulder, while females are slightly smaller, ranging from 24 to 26 inches (61 to 66 cm) in height. Like all dogs, Gamprs can exhibit unusually aggressive behavior during breeding periods. I encountered some of them on my solo hiking trip to Tirinkatar Sacred Valley, but fortunately, I kept my cold-heartedness and managed to distance myself from their aggressive attacks! Armenian Gampr Bite Force The bite force of an Armenian Gampr is considered ordinary when compared to other dog breeds, but it is still quite powerful. The bite force measurements typically fall within the range of 200 to 400 PSI. However, some sources suggest that the bite force could be as high as 650 PSI. (PSI stands for pounds per square inch. In the context of the bite force of animals, including dogs, it represents the amount of force exerted over one square inch. So, when referring to the bite force of an Armenian Gampr, it means the pressure applied by the dog's bite over a specific area.) Armenian Gampr Lifespan The average lifespan of an Armenian Gampr is typically around 10 to 14 years. However, some sources suggest that they can live between 12 and 15 years. Armenian Gampr Temperament Despite their size and strength, Armenian Gamprs are not inherently aggressive. They are known for their aloof, intelligent, gentle, and protective nature4. They can be fiercely protective of their charges and have unwavering loyalty to their owners2. They are not the kind of dog that will enjoy playing games but the Gampr will stop at nothing to defend its family. Armenian Gampr Cost The cost of an Armenian Gampr can vary depending on various factors such as the breeder, the pedigree of the puppy, and its overall health. On average, an Armenian Gampr has an initial cost of about $1000 to $1500. However, some sources suggest that the price can range between $1600 and $1900. Armenian Gampr Colors The coat of an Armenian Gampr may be of any color. Common coat colors include white, black, brown, gray, or brindle. These gamprs whom I met on the shore of Lake Nazeli (Geghama mountains) were very friendly and a little bit shy... kept a distance from me! In conclusion, the Armenian Gampr is a remarkable breed known for its strength, loyalty, and endurance. As a devoted companion and guardian, these dogs form close bonds with their families and are fiercely protective of their charges. Despite their size and strength, they are not inherently aggressive and are known for their gentle and protective nature. They are large, strong, and headstrong with a commanding presence. Their cost can vary, but they are generally quite expensive due to their rarity. Their coat can be of any color, adding to their unique and striking appearance. Gallery You May Also Like Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union The movie Seven Years in Tibet is based on Heinrich Harrer’s eponymous book The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected The Biggest Bank Robbery in the Soviet Union The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z On Reinhold Messner’s book “The Crystal Horizon: Everest – The First Solo Ascent” Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak Molokans in Armenia

Armenia, with a population of around three million, stands out as one of today's strongest chess nations with a high number of chess grandmasters per capita. Notably, Armenia is the only country where chess is a mandatory subject in schools, compulsory for second, third, and fourth graders. < Back Chess in Armenia Armenia, with a population of around three million, stands out as one of today's strongest chess nations with a high number of chess grandmasters per capita. Notably, Armenia is the only country where chess is a mandatory subject in schools, compulsory for second, third, and fourth graders. Chess has a rich history in Armenia, dating back to the 12th–13th centuries, documented in manuscripts at Yerevan's Matenadaran, including works by Vardan Areveltsi and Mkhitar Anetsi. Archaeologists unearthed chess pieces in the medieval Armenian capital of Dvin in 1967, further confirming its historical significance. In their 1936 book on chess history, Joseph Orbeli and Kamilla Trever propose that chess was known in Armenia since at least the 9th century during Arab rule. They suggest the game was brought to Armenia by Arabs from India, where it is believed to have originated as Chaturanga in the 6th century. My magnetic chess set! Getting ready to shoot a chess video for my YouTube channel " Chess with Suren " during a hiking trip to mount Apakeqar! Fast forward to modern times! The Armenian Chess Federation was established in 1927, marking the beginning of the promotion of chess at a state level. The inaugural Armenian Chess Championship took place in Yerevan in 1934, with Genrikh Kasparyan becoming the champion. Incidentally, Kasparyan holds a record in Armenian chess championships with ten national championship victories. He is recognized as one of the early promoters of chess in Armenia. Above all, he is now famous for being a prolific chess composer. He was awarded the titles of International Judge of Chess Compositions in 1956 and International Grandmaster of Chess Composition in 1972, the first composer to receive this title from FIDE (Harkola 2007). In the same year, the women's championship saw Sirush Makints and Margarita Mirza-Avagian sharing the title. The first Armenian chess club was founded in Yerevan in 1936, and chess clubs spread to Leninakan (now Gyumri) and Kirovakan (now Vanadzor) in the 1950s. By the early 1980s, all towns and districts of Soviet Armenia had chess clubs. The playing hall of Tigran Petrosian Chess House! Those demonstration chess boards have always drew my attention! Chess gained widespread recognition in the 1960s when Soviet Armenian grandmaster Tigran Petrosian defeated Mikhail Botvinnik, becoming World Chess Champion. From then on, chess became a national obsession. Since Armenia's independence, the men's chess team has excelled, winning the European Team Championship (1999), World Team Championship (2011), and Chess Olympiad (2006, 2008, 2012). In 2022, Armenia secured a silver medal at the 4th FIDE Chess Olympiad and a bronze medal at the 2023 European Team Championship. The women's team celebrated a significant victory at the 2003 European Championship. In 1972, Gagik Oganessian founded the magazine "Chess in Armenia" (Շախմատային Հայաստան Shakhmatayin Hayastan), which was published monthly until 1997 and then weekly until 2015. The magazine covered the chess life of the republic and country, featuring materials about international competitions. In the same year, the TV show "Chess-64" (originally named Chess School) began airing on Public Television of Armenia, hosted by Gaguik Oganessian. It holds the record as the "longest-lived program series" in the channel's history, lasting until 2015, when it ended following Hovhannisyan's death. In 1970 the Central House of Chess-player was opened. In 1984, it was renamed after the former world chess champion Tigran Petrosian. Urban explorers love to make a visit, since it has a huge historical value and looks as it was decades ago! Gallery You May Also Like Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union The movie Seven Years in Tibet is based on Heinrich Harrer’s eponymous book The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected The Biggest Bank Robbery in the Soviet Union The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z On Reinhold Messner’s book “The Crystal Horizon: Everest – The First Solo Ascent” Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak Molokans in Armenia

Explore the untold story behind the film 'Against the Ice.' Delve into the historical 1906 Denmark Expedition, its tragic challenges, and Ejnar Mikkelsen's gripping journey, as depicted in the film. Uncover the real events, hardships, and survival that inspired this Netflix release. < Back The Real Story Behind the Movie Against the Ice Explore the untold story behind the film 'Against the Ice.' Delve into the historical 1906 Denmark Expedition, its tragic challenges, and Ejnar Mikkelsen's gripping journey, as depicted in the film. Uncover the real events, hardships, and survival that inspired this Netflix release. "Against the Ice" is a 2022 historical survival film directed by Peter Flinth, depicting the true events recounted in Ejnar Mikkelsen's book "Two Against the Ice." Released on Netflix on March 2, 2022, the film received mixed reviews from critics. Before delving into the plot, let's explore the ill-fated Denmark Expedition, as it forms a crucial link to this narrative. In 1906 a two-year expedition known as the “Denmak Expedition” was organized to explore and map the uncharted northeastern coast of Greenland. The expedition sought to investigate Robert Peary's claim of a non-existent "Peary Channel" separating northernmost Greenland from the mainland further south. "Against the Ice" on my Lenovo Legion screen The expedition, aboard the ship Danmark, arrived at southern Germania Land in August 1906. Ten sleds, led by Mylius-Erichsen, began their journey in March 1907. Confronted with challenging ice conditions, they explored the coastal ice of Jokel Bay, Hovgaard Island, and Mallemuk Mountain. Mylius Erichsen Tragically, the expedition faced a devastating setback with the loss of Mylius-Erichsen and two other members during a separate winter sledding expedition. They perished while attempting to reach a previously established supply depot but were unable to return due to worsening weather conditions. Ejnar Mikkelsen's "Two Against the Ice" Driven by the desire to retrieve crucial data from a previous Danish expedition and fueled by a sense of national pride, Ejnar Mikkelsen embarked on a journey that pushed him and his sole companion, Iver Iversen, to the very edge of survival. Their gripping journey is meticulously narrated in Mikkelsen's book "Two Against the Ice." Their travels aimed to uncover traces and locate the maps and journals of the ill-fated Denmark Expedition's previous explorer, Mylius Erichsen. After a hazardous journey, they managed to find these documents in a cairn. Taking the journals with them, they eventually made it back to their ship, only to discover it crushed in pack ice, with no sign of the other expedition members. Ejnar Mikkelsen Enduring great hardships, the two men survived two additional winters in Greenland and were ultimately rescued by a Norwegian sealer when nearly all hope for them had been abandoned. Their remarkable tale stands as a testament to resilience and determination in the face of extreme adversity. The recovered journals, including Brønlund’s diary and Hagen’s cartographic drawings, played a crucial role in settling the question of whether Peary Land—a vast area explored by American Robert E. Peary for the first time around 1892—was a peninsula or an island. By confirming it as a peninsula, the expedition affirmed Denmark’s claim to the land, rather than potentially America’s. Gallery You May Also Like Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union The movie Seven Years in Tibet is based on Heinrich Harrer’s eponymous book The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected The Biggest Bank Robbery in the Soviet Union The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z On Reinhold Messner’s book “The Crystal Horizon: Everest – The First Solo Ascent” Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak Molokans in Armenia

Heinz Stucke, born on January 11, 1940, is a remarkable German cyclist whose extraordinary journey has taken him across the globe on a three-speed bicycle. Embarking on his epic adventure in August 1962 from his hometown, Hövelhof, Stucke has traversed an awe-inspiring 196 countries, covering a staggering distance of over 600,000 kilometers. This cycling odyssey has not only set records but also defined Stucke's life in a way that few can fathom. < Back Heinz Stucke - The Man Who Wanted to See It All Heinz Stucke, born on January 11, 1940, is a remarkable German cyclist whose extraordinary journey has taken him across the globe on a three-speed bicycle. Embarking on his epic adventure in August 1962 from his hometown, Hövelhof, Stucke has traversed an awe-inspiring 196 countries, covering a staggering distance of over 600,000 kilometers. This cycling odyssey has not only set records but also defined Stucke's life in a way that few can fathom. In November 1962, at the age of 22, Stucke resigned from his position as a tool and die maker. He embarked on a journey, riding out of his hometown on a three-speed bicycle with a determined plan to see the world. Stucke asserts that his exceptional urge to travel was, in part, motivated by his strong reluctance to return to factory work. In the early 1980s, after two decades on the road, Stucke decided to attempt to visit every country in the world. He believed he had accomplished his goal when he reached Seychelles in 1996, but to him, it felt anticlimactic. He had spent too little time in some countries, and there was still much to experience; so he continued on. Between 1962 and 2010, he cycled more than 609,000 kilometers (378,000 mi) and visited 195 countries and 78 territories. From 1995 through 1999, the Guinness Book of Records described him as having traveled more widely by bicycle than anyone in history. At the age of 20, he went on his first small holiday tours from Hövelhof in Westphalia A Life of Perils and Triumphs Stucke's global sojourn wasn't without its challenges. He encountered adversities ranging from being hit by a truck in the Atacama Desert of Chile to being chased by an angry mob in Haiti. In Egypt, he faced a brutal beating by soldiers, and in Cameroon, he was detained by the military under accusations of slandering the state. His journey through Alaska included a car accident that left him in a freezing river, while in Zambia, he endured a gunshot wound to the big toe by Nkomo's "Freedom Fighters." Bees attacked him in Mozambique in 1995, and in Siberia 1997, his bicycle was stolen for the fifth time. Notably, in England 2006, the same bicycle was stolen again, emphasizing the challenges faced by this intrepid traveler. Heinz Stucke visited China in 1989 Documenting the Journey Stucke's journey is not just about cycling; it's a visual documentation of the world. Since 1962, he has captured over 100,000 photographs, funding his expeditions through licensing revenue from his photo catalog, donations, and sales of travel writing, postcards, and booklets featuring his photographs and illustrations. In 1995, Stucke self-published a memoir titled "Mit dem Fahrrad um die Welt" ("Cycling Around the World"). Dutch travel writer Eric van den Berg published a biography in 2015, commemorating Stucke's remarkable career. A documentary film, "The Man Who Wanted to See It All" by Spanish filmmaker Albert Albacete, explores Stucke's life, motivations, philosophy, and legacy. In China in 1989 he experienced difficult weather conditions - it was minus 20 degrees The End of the Journey and a New Beginning By 2014, Stucke had traveled a staggering 648,000 kilometers. That year marked the end of his journey, as increasing hip pain led him to return to Hövelhof, where the community provided him with a small apartment. The planned museum to commemorate his travels is yet to be realized. The documentary "The Man Who Wanted to See It All," released in 2021, captures the essence of Stucke's extraordinary life. His experiences, challenges, and triumphs contribute to a legacy that goes beyond the mere act of cycling. A Conversation with Heinz Stucke In a candid conversation, Heinz Stucke reflects on his life's journey. Settling back into his hometown in 2014, he embarked on archiving his experiences, delving into a treasure trove of memories spanning over four decades. He speaks about the physical toll the journey took on his hips, leading to osteoarthritis. Lacking health insurance, he faced the financial hurdle of hip surgery. However, he remains content, focusing on the positive aspect of being able to dedicate time to his image archive. The archiving process involves sorting over 100,000 photos according to the 240 countries and territories he visited. Stucke acknowledges the generosity of people worldwide, emphasizing the reciprocity he feels toward those who supported him on his journey. On this world map, Stucke has marked all the trips he has taken around the world up to 2012 He reveals that he never experienced homesickness but, rather, a fear of returning home. Stucke's insatiable curiosity and a constant pursuit of new experiences kept him on the road for over five decades. In his reflections on fear during the journey, Stucke acknowledges moments of uncertainty, particularly when navigating challenging terrains. His ability to capture the beauty around him through the lens of his camera served as a source of solace and distraction during strenuous climbs. Stucke's journey was often solitary, as he preferred to travel alone, allowing for more profound connections with people he encountered. His unique approach of distributing brochures about his travels not only served as a means of storytelling but also provided a modest income, sustaining his onward journey. While Heinz Stucke may have retired from the saddle, his spirit of exploration remains undiminished. As he archives his vast collection of photographs, he leaves behind a legacy of resilience, curiosity, and an unyielding passion for embracing the world, one pedal stroke at a time. Gallery You May Also Like Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union The movie Seven Years in Tibet is based on Heinrich Harrer’s eponymous book The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected The Biggest Bank Robbery in the Soviet Union The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z On Reinhold Messner’s book “The Crystal Horizon: Everest – The First Solo Ascent” Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak Molokans in Armenia