Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

About the Geghama Mountains and Azhdahak

The Geghama Mountains, also known as the Geghama Ridge, extend between Lake Sevan and the Ararat Plain, covering a length of 70 km and a width of 48 km. The range's average elevation is approximately 2,500 meters, with Azhdahak as its highest peak at 3,597 meters.

Azhdahak features a stunning crater lake at its summit, formed by melting snow, creating a mesmerizing sight, particularly in summer when snow patches linger on the slopes. Another notable crater lake is located on the nearby Tar (Red Ridge) volcano. The second-highest peak of the range is Spitakasar, at 3,560 meters above sea level.

Aerial photo of mount Azhdahak

Climb Mount Azhdahak. Route 1 or The Classical Route

The most common route to Mount Azhdahak begins in Geghard village, but don’t rush—off-road terrain starts here, leading up to the foot of Mount Paytasar. If you're not in peak physical condition, it's best to drive as close as possible to Azhdahak to minimize the hiking distance. However, keep in mind that beyond Paytasar, the road can become slippery and treacherous in rainy weather, making the route particularly hazardous in wet conditions.

• Distance from Yerevan (Republic Square) to Geghard Village: 37 km (~1-hour drive)

• Off-road Distance: 14 km (requiring a high-clearance 4WD vehicle)

• Starting Point: Foot of Mount Paytasar

• Trail Length: 5.5 km (one way)

• Elevation Gain: 600 meters

• Difficulty: Moderate

As you hike around Lake Akna, it provides a fantastic backdrop

From the trailhead, the ascent leads hikers through breathtaking landscapes filled with unique flora and fauna. On a clear day, the summit of Azhdahak unveils a majestic panorama—not only of Lake Sevan but also of the surrounding mountains, including the distant peak of Mount Aragats. The route is an out-and-back trail. After the hike you can explore ancient Armenian petroglyphs scattered near mount Paytasar. An optional off-road journey can take visitors to Dragon Lake, home to ancient Vishaps (Dragon Stones).

Alternative Routes to Mount Azhdahak

Route 2: Via Lake Akna

Another starting point for climbing Azhdahak is Lake Akna, offering a longer and more challenging ascent. To take this route, you first need to reach Sevaberd village, where the off-road journey begins, leading up to Lake Akna. The advantage of this approach over the Paytasar route is the opportunity to witness the stunning beauty of Lake Akna along the way. However, the trade-off is a significantly longer hike—at least 4.5 km more. I typically choose this route for multi-day trekking adventures.

• Distance from Yerevan to Sevaberd village: 35 km (~1-hour drive)

• Off-road Distance to Lake Akna: 11 km (requires a 4WD)

• Starting Elevation: 3,030 meters

• Hiking Distance: 10 km (one way)

• Camping Option: Stay overnight at Lake Nazeli (3,100 meters, 5 km from the summit)

This route requires careful planning, especially if hikers do not have a dedicated driver, as returning to the starting point will involve a long trek back.

As you hike along the crater of Mount Azhdahak, breathtaking views unfold before you. In the distance, you can see Aragats, Armenia’s highest peak.

Route 3: Via Lake Nazeli

For a more direct yet challenging approach, hikers can start from Lake Nazeli (3,100 m). The journey begins with a drive to Geghard village, where the off-road adventure starts. From there, you have two route options:

• Take the direct path to Mount Paytasar, then continue past the mountain toward Vishapasar and Lake Nazeli.
  

• First, reach Dragon Lake, then follow the route leading to Lake Nazeli.
  

Once at the shore of Lake Nazeli, it’s highly recommended to stay overnight and, on the following day, ascend Mount Spitakasar (the White Mountain) for an even more rewarding experience.

• Distance from Yerevan to Geghard village: 37 km (~1-hour drive)

• Off-road Distance to Lake Nazeli: ~20 km (high-clearance 4WD needed)

• Hiking Distance: 5 km (one way)

• Hiking Time: ~2.5 hours

Lake Nazeli, as seen from the nearby cliffs

The off-road journey to Lake Nazeli is demanding, especially beyond Mount Vishapasar, where rugged, rocky sections make the drive challenging. However, the lake itself is a breathtaking destination well worth the effort.

Aerial photo of mount Azhdahak

By the way, when off-roading to Azhdahak, you won’t have to worry about getting stuck— the terrain is rocky rather than muddy or clay-rich, which can easily trap vehicles. Alternatively if you are with a driver you can start your hike from the foot of Mount Paytasar and descend to Lake Nazeli.

Recommended 3-Day Trekking Itinerary

For those who want a more immersive experience in the Geghama Mountains, a three-day trek is ideal:

• Day 1: Visit Lake Akna, climb Mount Aknasar, and camp on the lake’s shore.

• Day 2: Climb Mount Azhdahak, descend to Lake Nazeli, and camp overnight.

• Day 3: Climb Mount Nazeli (3,312 m), visit Dragon Lake, and return to Yerevan. On the way back, visit Geghard Monastery, Garni Temple, and the Symphony of Stones, a remarkable natural basalt formation.

On the shore of lake Nazeli

Essential Tips for Hikers

• Physical Preparation: While no technical climbing skills are required, a good fitness level is essential due to the altitude and rugged terrain.

• Weather Considerations: The Geghama Range has unpredictable weather. Layered clothing, a poncho, a windproof jacket, and sun protection are highly recommended.

• Navigation: The trails are not marked. A GPS device or hiring a local guide can ensure a safe and enjoyable experience.

• Respect for Nature: The region is home to diverse flora and fauna, including mountain foxes and rare birds. Hikers should follow Leave No Trace principles to preserve the environment.

• Locals: During the warm season, the Geghama Mountains are inhabited by shepherds, primarily Yazidis, a national minority in Armenia known for their hospitality. They always appreciate a warm greeting. However, Yazidi women are generally unaccustomed to cameras, so it is advisable to ask for permission before taking their photo.

Took this photo of Yazidi shepherd Mirza while he was demonstrating his rearing skills

Whether you choose a single-day climb or an extended trek, Mount Azhdahak and the Geghama Mountains promise an unforgettable adventure through Armenia’s breathtaking volcanic landscapes. Remember, your hikes in Armenia won’t be complete unless you’ve climbed Mount Azhdahak!

For a hiking tour to mount Azhdahak check out this tour itinerary! Thanks